But Until Then...
Over the next 5-10 years, Australia should focus on expanding proven and price competitive renewable energy. During that time, increased intermittency of energy supplies should be offset by exploiting the load-balancing capacity of natural gas.
In 2015-2020, the first carbon capture plants can be built in Victoria, assuming they work, are cost competitive and a suitable safe place has been located and readied to receive the carbon. In 2017, following a national referendum in favour, Australia can start building out a national nuclear industry that includes mining, enrichment, power generation and waste storage around Roxby Downs, enabling Australia to generate its first radioactive kilowatt by 2020. From there, Australia can begin the migration to a an electric/hydrogen transport fleet and completely decarbonised economy based upon the most efficient energy conversion technologies available and that have been chosen by the market. The energy infrastructure to make this happen already will be in place.
Following this route, Australia will ride successive waves of positive energy industry innovation but remain hostage to no one technology. The market will provide the nation the best energy mix by 2040, ensuring continued competitiveness for the economy.
It all sounds ambitious. But bear in mind: things often happen faster than you think. 'The Internet' was considered an exotic word in 1993. It had become a household word by 1998. It's ubiquitous now. No one much knew or cared about climate change in 1997. Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth" changed all that. Now, the rush is on to develop the fastest and most effective means to lower emissions.
To provide just one example of how developments can outstrip forecasts, consider the International Energy Agency's 1998 forecasts for the future of wind energy and what really transpired in the industry in the subsequent years. And remember, those were experts making those predictions, not corner-shop bookies.
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| The wind industry's expansion has vastly outpaced estimates |
| "Ten steps to a sustainable energy future," Energy Bulletin, 2004 |
As Australia builds up a renewable energy industry between now and 2020, natural gas-fired power plants can take up the slack as the energy system becomes more dynamic through fluctuating supplies. More sophisticated grid management techniques must be developed to handle the grid load, particularly once a unified and circular four-state eastern grid connects Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. However, given that the entire system is creaking and needs and upgrade, now is the perfect time to install this kind of network functionality.
Under this model, Australia ensures itself abundant, reliable, low-cost
renewable energy by backing a series of horses and allowing the market to pick the winner. Expanded coal and natural gas exports
can largely pay for it, as will increased energy efficiency and carbon tax revenues.
Electricity generation and transport amount to more than 40%
of global greenhouse gas emissions. Given this, a reorientation
of domestic electricity and transport fuel production would be part of
Australia’s
responsibilities as an energy superpower. Saudi Arabia takes its responsibility
seriously to maintain spare oil production capacity in order to dampen
global violent oil price fluctuations. As the country blessed with some
of the world's most abundant and diverse energy resources, Australia has
an obligation to engage -- on the world's behalf -- in technological price
discovery to light the path toward the optimal global energy
mix. This role is one Australia already has accepted as a founding member
of Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate, a rich country
energy mentor club for developing nations.
Why Is This Plan the Best Course of Action?
It’s Cost Effective:
--Renewables are on a more rapid descent into price competitiveness than
most people realise. In a rationally-priced market, renewables are now cheaper
now than fossil fuels for most forward planning of new capacity. Acknowledging
this reality will speed solution of the global warming problem.
--A transparent system of carbon pricing will pay for itself. It raises
energy efficiency in the economy. It yields revenue that can be recycled
into clean energy research and development and intellectual property creation.
It builds a reserve against future climate disasters.
--It lets the market choose the cheapest and cleanest energy source
It Results in a National Brain Gain
--Australia will become both an energy superpower and natural laboratory,
and thus a magnet for brains.
--By developing renewables, Australia will create new industries to pursue
when coal and nuclear become obsolete
--It puts Australia at the forefront of the emerging Hydrogen Economy
It Strengthens Australia’s Economy
--It increases exports and reduces the trade deficit
--Australia benefits from exporting coal and gas now, and renewable energy
expertise later, a two-for-one deal.
--Foreigners partially underwrite the decarbonization of the Australian
economy, given Australia a free ride
--It will give Australia a role in emerging carbon trading markets, a
rapidly growing part of the global economy
It Reduces Military Conflict Risk
--The US already has engaged in two gulf wars over oil. Do we really need more of those?
Using converse logic, if the two gulf wars weren't about oil,
...but were strictly humanitarian, why didn’t the US intervene
in Rwanda?
...but were only about stopping Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, why hasn’t the US
intervened in Zimbabwe?
...but were only about spreading democracy, why hasn’t the
US invaded Burma?
--Australia is currently spending about A$600 million a year on military
operations in Iraq. This is money better spent elsewhere, specifically
on energy alternatives that lessen the need for intervention in oil-rich
countries to ensure supplies
It Reduces Global Risks of Nuclear Proliferation
--By keeping nuclear materials at home, closing the nuclear cycle, and
exporting only value-added hydrogen
It speeds the shift to renewables by having Australia play its role as
an energy superpower responsibly.
It reduces risks of out of control climate change and the economic, political
and social costs of that
It Gives The Public A Stake InThe Decision-Making Process
-By giving the public the final say over over power through a national plebiscite
It Increases Australia’s Standing in the World
--As a superpower, it will show Australia takes its role seriously as
a force for good
--It will enhance the country’s reputation
--Developing nations do have a point: the developed work needs to take
the lead in finding climate change solutions.
Australia in 2029, the Bright View
Thanks to farsighted leadership shown between 2008-2015, Australia has low
energy prices and huge solar farms in the Outback providing renewable
energy through huge Direct Current (DC) power lines. Nuclear power plants
at Roxby Downs keep the nation’s lights on during the day and
charge electric vehicles and create hydrogen at night. Expanding fleets of electric/hydrogen vehicles roam
the nation's roadways, emitting nothing worse than water vapor. The cost of transport
becomes remarkably stable since transport fuel can now be forecast in years
advance. Oil prices are no longer even mentioned on the evening news. The Reserve Bank of Australia has to lay off economic researchers since inflation, without volatile energy components, has become much easier to forecast. Interest rates are lower since the economy has a higher 'speed limit.'
Atmospheric temperatures are stabilizing due to huge cuts in
greenhouse gas emissions across the economy. Hydrogen
exports are growing, particularly to European markets. Exports of coal
and gas are stable. The trade deficit has fallen by half.
A huge new information technology industry has sprung up to manage the
electricity grid and to bundle renewable energy into downstream retail
packages for an increasingly choosy consumer sector, returning valuable
price signals for investment. One late entrant -- wave and tidal
power -- is gaining alot of attention to the surprise of everyone. Early
prototypes tested in Wollongong in 2006 showed promise, and have flourished
in a transparently priced energy market, thus sending correct economic signals to investors.
Billions of dollars of carbon taxes have funded infrastructure spending
including direct current power lines linking Queensland, New South Wales,
Victoria and South Australia. It’s also funded a major expansion
of energy research, creating a huge influx of highly-skilled labor to
Australia. The benefits show in ever rising international
patent applications.
Finally, early solar photovoltaic, concentrating solar power, geothermal
and wind farms built between 2005-2015 have now paid down the bulk of
their financing, meaning that most are now generating electricity for
close to their operating costs of about 1.5c per kilowatthour, and are
expected to do so indefinitely. These low prices are being bundled with
newer-high cost power sources, enabling new bundles of competitively
priced power to be brought to market.
In Victoria, carbon capture and storage has proven itself technologically
feasible, but high cost. Geosequestration has cost much more than expected,
and carbon emission reductions have been less than expected. The government
has said the current fleet of experimental plants built in 2015 will
probably be shut down before 45 year lifetime is up, but may be kept
open to maintain employment in regional Victoria.
The Alternate Vision
Australia’s resources are stretched thin. The insurance industry has required government bailout after government bailout after failing to meet huge and repeated coastal storm damage payouts. Inland cities like Dubbo and Wagga are struggling to cope with influxes of new settlers fleeing coastal cities like Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane that are hollowing out to ever stronger coastal storms and property damage.
Unrestricted uranium exports from Roxby Downs have led to 10 declared nuclear weapons capable states. Al Qaeda says it has the bomb.
Temperatures are reaching all time highs and the grid is struggling to cope. New carbon capture and storage aren’t able to keep up with air conditioning demand due to temperature rises that have outstripped predictions.
The challenge for the public
With such an important threat facing life as we know it, it seems crazy the public has to fight for a smart future. But that's the way it is. Unfortunately, traditional energy industries hate renewable energy for two reasons. The first reason is that it requires change, and traditional energy industries have invested huge amounts of time in developing mechanisms and defenses against change. The second reason is that under an energy paradigm in which fuel is free (sun, wind, tides, for instance) an entire chain of middlemen from energy source to energy combustion is eliminated, and the energy cycle is flattened to two elements: the energy production system and the energy source. This is hugely threatening to the traditional economics of the energy industry.
The good news, however, is that the jury has returned. The verdict is in. Widespread investment in renewables over the next 10 years, coupled with a revamping of the nation's energy infrastructure which requires a facelift anyway, is providing an unprecedented opportunity to carry us all to a sunny, bright future.
